Coordination of Respiratory and Core Muscles

The primary, accessory, and supporting muscles of inhalation and exhalation work in coordinated, rhythmic sequence, controlled by the respiratory control center in the brain. This center processes input from the carotid artery, muscles, lungs, and emotional and cognitive centers of the brain, ensuring that breathing remains optimized for any situation—whether at rest or in motion.

Inhalation Process

During inhalation, the inspiratory muscles engage and expand the rib cage, filling the lungs with air. As the lungs reach capacity, these muscles release, and the lung tissue and surrounding muscles return to their natural position.

Exhalation Process

During active breathing, exhalation becomes more forceful. Exhalation muscles contract to narrow the torso and compress the lungs, expelling more air. When the exhalation muscles are released, the body and lungs return to a neutral state, ready for the next breath cycle. This continuous interplay between activation and release ensures efficient, controlled breathing, seamlessly integrating respiration with movement and overall physiological function.